Cinematographic apparatus with reversible film transporting means

ABSTRACT

The takeup reel of a motion picture camera is rotatable by the claw pull-down through the intermediary of two meshing gears one of which directly drives the reel. During stepwise forward transport of the film, the claw pull-down transmits recurrent alternating pivotal movements in opposite directions to a lever which carries two spring-biased main pawls each normally engaging one of the gears so that the one reel is rotated in a single direction, either because it is driven in such single direction by the respective pawl or because the other pawl drives the other gear in the opposite direction. The pawls can be disengaged from the respective gears to permit operation of the pull-down without causing a rotation of the takeup reel. It is optional to provide on the lever two auxiliary pawls each of which can be moved into engagement with a different gear when the main pawls are disengaged to thus rotate the respective gears in directions counter to those in which the gears are rotated by the main pawls so that the reel can pay out the film when the claw pull-down transports the film rearwardly.

United States Patent [1 1 Theer [54] CINEMATOGRAPHIC APPARATUS- WITHREVERSIBLE FILM TRANSPORTING MEANS [75] Inventor: Anton Theer, Munich,Germany [73] Assignee: AGFA-Gevaert AG, Munich, Germany [22] Filed: Aug.23, 1971 [21] Appl.No.: 173,772

[Sl] Int. Cl. ..B1 II) 15/32, G03b 1/04 [58] Field of Search..242/205210;

[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Elsas ..352/l92 X Winkler..242/205 Primary Examiner- Leonard D. Christian Attorney-Michael S.Striker 1 1 Jan.23, 1973 [57] ABSTRACT The takeup reel of a motionpicture camera is rotatable by the claw pull-down through theintermediary of two meshing gears one of which directly drives the reel.During stepwise forward transport of the film, the claw pull-downtransmits recurrent alternating pivotal movements in opposite directionsto a lever which carries two spring-biased main pawls each normallyengaging one of the gears so that the one reel is rotated in a singledirection, either because it is driven in such single direction by therespective pawl or because the other pawl drives the other gear in theopposite direction. The pawls can be disengaged from the respectivegears to permit operation of the pull-down without causing a rotation ofthe takeup reel. It is optional to provide on the lever two auxiliarypawls each of which can be moved into engagement with a different gearwhen the main pawls are disengaged to thus rotate the respective gearsin directions counter to those in which the gears are rotated by themain pawls so that the reel can pay out the film when the claw pull-downtransports the film rearwardly.

12 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures 107 1150 114: 116 10817 1 1* Q l "1 707a \Tw i PATENTEDJAHZB 1975 3.712.560

IN V EN TOR ANTON THEER 0L MM S 15- 'll A If a 9; l)

CINEMATOGRAPHIC APPARATUS WITH REVERSIBLE FILM TRANSPORTING MEANSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED INVENTION:

The present invention constitutes an improvement over and a furtherdevelopment of the invention which is disclosed in US. Pat. No.3,570,783 granted Mar. 16, 1971 to Friedrich Winkler et al. and owned bythe assignee of this application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to cinematographic apparatus in general,and more particularly to improvements in transporting means for motionpicture film in cinematographic apparatus, especially in motion picturecameras. Still more particularly, the invention relates to improvementsin film transporting means of the type disclosed in the aforementionedUS. Pat. No. 3,570,783 to Winkler et al.

The patent to Winkler et al discloses -a cinematographic apparatuswherein the takeup reel is rotatable by a first toothed gear orwheel-shaped driven element which meshes with an identical secondtoothed driven element. The claw pull-down imparts recurrent alternatingpivotal movements to a lever which carries two driving elements in theform of pawls each of which is biased against the teeth of a differentdriven element. The arrangement is such that one of the pawls rotatesthe first driven element in a given direction wen the lever pivots in afirst direction, and that the first driven element is rotated in thesame (given) direction when the lever pivots in a second directionbecause the lever then causes the other pawl to rotate the second drivenelement in a direction counter to the given direction. Thus, the takeupreel is rotated in a single direction (to collect the film) irrespectiveof whether the first driven element is rotated by one of the pawls orwhether the other pawl rotates the second driven element.

The just described cinematographic apparatus has been found to beeminently suited for the transport of film in a motion picture camera,particularly in a camera for use with 8-millimeter film. However, suchcinematographic apparatus cannot employ a reversible claw pull-down oran analogous feeding device which is designed to transport the filmforwardly or rearwardly. This will be readily understood since thetakeup reel is caused to rotate in a single direction in response topivoting of the lever which carries the pawls, irrespective of whethersuch pivotal movements are brought about by a pull-down which transportsthe film stepwise in a forward direction or in a rearward direction.

Certain recent types of motion picture cameras are provided with anautomatic or semiautomatic fading mechanism which enables the user tomake exposures with fade-out effect or with fade-in effect as well as toexpose certain film frames twice, first with fade-out effect andthereupon with fade-in effect. Such exposures render it necessary totransport a certain length of film rearwardly subsequent to completionof the exposures with fade-out effect but prior to the making ofexposures with fade-in effect. If the takeup reel can rotate in a singledirection (i.e., in a direction to collect the film), the collection offilm must be interrupted during the making of exposures with fade-outeffect, and the thus exposed length of film is thereupon transportedrearwardly while the takeup reel continues to remain at a standstill.The housing of the camera or the cassette for motion picture film mustbe designed in such a way that it can receive the uncollected length offilm which is exposed with fade-out effect as well as the same length offilm during rearward transport prior to the making of exposures withfade-in effect.

If the takeup reel in a camera embodying a fading mechanism is designedto rotate forwardly and rearwardly, it is driven forwardly to collectthe film during the making of exposures with fade-out effect and in theopposite direction during rearward transport of film frames which wereexposed with fade-out effect.

Furthermore, it is often customary to use the mechanism which rotatesthe takeup reel as a means for driving a film frame counter or footagecounter in order to insure that the position of the abservable part orparts of the counter is truly indicative of the length of film which isexposed and has been collected by the takeup reel or of the unexposedlength of film. Such counters cannot derive motion from the mechanismwhich transmits motion to the takeup reel in the cinematographicapparatus of the patent of Winkler et al if the film is to betransported forwardly and rearwardly so that the counter must beoperated in reverse during rearward transport of the film, for example,subsequent to completion of exposures with fade-out effect but prior tothe making of exposures with fade-in effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

An object of the invention is to provide in a cinematographic apparatusnovel and improved means for transporting the film in such a way thatthe customary claw pull-down or an analogous feeding device forintermittently advancing motion picture film can be operated to advancethe film forwardly or rearwardly and that the takeup reel does notinterfere with either mode of operation of the pull-down.

Another object of the invention is to provide a cinematographicapparatus wherein the takeup reel for motion picture film can be heldagainst rotation during rearward transport of the film by the pull-downor an analogous feeder.

A further object of the invention is to provide a cinematographicapparatus wherein the takeup reel can be rotated in a direction to payout the film when the pulldown is operated to transport the filmrearwardly.

An additional object of the invention is to provide a cinematographicapparatus wherein the frame counter or footage counter invariablyindicates the exact length of that portion of motion picture film whichis collected by the takeup reel or the exact length of unexposed portionof the film.

The invention is embodied in a cinematographic apparatus, especially ina motion picture camera, preferably in a motion picture camera for usewith 8- millimeter film which employs a reversible claw pulldown or ananalogous feeding device for transporting the film stepwise forwardly orrearwardly. The cine- V matographic apparatus comprises a filmtransporting,

the first driven element and normally cooperates with the first element(preferably by being in mesh therewith) to rotate in a second directionwhen the first driven element is rotated in a first direction and todrive the first element in the first direction when rotated in thesecond direction, a claw pull-down or other suitable feeding means whichis operable to transport the film in at at one direction (i.e., in theforward direction), motion transmitting means interposed between thefeeding means and the driven elements and comprising a pair of drivingelements (each of which is preferably a spring-biased pawl) and at leastone driving member which is arranged to perform recurrent alternatingmovements in opposite directions in response to operation of the feedingmeans to thereby respectively rotate the first and second drivenelements by way of the first and second driving elements, anddisengaging means which is actuatable (either by hand or byautomatically) to disengage the driving elements from the drivenelements so that such driving elements cannot rotate the respectivedriven elements when the feeding means. is operated, for example, totransport the film rearwardly.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of theinvention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theimproved cinematographic apparatus itself, however, both as to itsconstruction and its mode of operation, together with additionalfeatures and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal ofthe following detailed description of certain specific embodiments withreference to the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a motion picture camera whichembodies the invention; and

FIG. 2 is a sectional view as seen in the direction of arrows from theline 11-" of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:

Referring to the drawing in detail, there is shown a motion picturecamera for-use with 8-millimeter film F. The camera comprises a housingor body 1 containing a film feeding or transporting mechanism whichincludes a reversible feeder in the form of a claw pull-down 108 havinga claw 1800 which can enterthe perforations 'P of motion picture film Fto transport the latter in stepwise fashion, either forwardly during themaking of normal exposures or during the making of exposures with fadeout or fade-in effect, or rearwardly subsequent to the making ofexposures with fade-out effect but prior to fade-in. In this way, theframes of the film F which were exposed with fade-out effect can beexposed again but with fade-in effect. The camera also comprises adissolving shutter (not shown) which is adjustable to gradually reducethe admission of scene light during the making of exposures withfade-out effeet, to remain closed during rearward transport of filmfollowing the completion of a set of exposures with fade-out effect andto gradually increase the rate of admission of scene light during themaking of exposures with fade-in effect.

The claw pull-down 108 is driven by a reversible electric'motor REMthrough the intermediary of a gear train or another suitabletransmission TR (indicated schematically by a phantom line) which canmove the claw 108a in and out of the perforations P as well aslengthwise of the film F so as to transport the film forwardly orrearwardly. The pull-down 108 further transmits motion to a firstdriving member 180k which forms part of a motion transmitting mechanismand is arranged to perform recurrent oscillatory and/or reciprocatorymovements and to thereby drive a second driving member of the motiontransmitting mechanism. The latter serves to rotate a pair of rotarydriven elements here shown as toothed wheels or gears 112, 113. In theillustrated embodiment, the gear or wheel 1 13 is mounted on and rotatesa shaft 1 10 which in turn drives a film collecting member R, such as atakeup spool or reel. The gear 113 meshes with the gear 112 which latteris mounted on a shaft 11 parallel to the shaft 110. The shafts 110, 111are journalled in the housing 1. The diameters of the gears'1l2, 113 areidentical and each of these gears has the same number of teeth.

The teeth of the gear 113 further mesh with the teeth of a gear 101forming part of a footage counter or frame counter PC which ispreferably of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,578,856 granted May18, 1971 to Kurt Thate etal. and owned by the assignee of the presentapplication. The details of the footage counter FC form no part of thepresent invention; FIG. 1 merely shows a gear wheel 102 which mesheswith the gear 101 and drives an elongated worm 103, a follower 104 whichcan move in parallelism with the axis of the worm 103 when the latter isrotated by the gear wheel 102, and a suitably graduated scale 104aadjacent to the follower 104.

The motion transmitting mechanism between the driving member 108b andthe gears 112, 113 comprises aforementioned second driving member 115which is a two-armed lever 115, a torsion spring 118 which is interposedbetween the driving member 1081 and the right-hand arm 115A of thelever115, and a pair of main driving elements shown here as pawls 114a,11% which are mounted on the left-hand arm 11513 of the lever 115. thepurpose of thepawls 114 aj114b .is to respectively rotate the gears 113,112 in opposite directions in response to recurrent pivotalback-andforth movements of the lever 115 take place in response torecurrent movements of the driving member l08b when the claw pull-down108 is set to transport the film F forwardly in normal operation of themotion picture camera or during the making of exposures with fade-out orwith fade-in effect. It is assumed that the pawl 114a serves to rotatethe gear 113 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 1, whenthe lever 115 is pivoted in a clockwise direction. The pawl 1l4b thenserves to rotate the gear 112 in a clockwise direction when the lever115 is caused to pivot in an anticlockwise direction. Since the teeth ofthe gears 112, 113 are in permanent mesh, clockwise rotation of the gear112 entails anticlockwise rotation of the gear 113, i.e., the filmcollecting reel R is normally rotated anticlockwise (in a direction tocollect the film F) irrespective of whether the lever 115 pivots in aclockwise or in a counterclockwise direction. The pivot axis for thelever 115 is defined by a shaft 116 which is mounted in the housing 1.Since the teeth of the gear 101 of the footage counter FC are inpermanent mesh with the teeth of the gear 113, the follower 104 of thefootage counter PC will overlie a gradually increasing portion of thefootage indicating scale 104a when the lever 115 is pivoted back andforth while the pull-down 108 is driven by the reversible motor REM in amanner and for the purpose of advancing the film F forwardly.

The pawls 114a, 1141: are coupled to each other by a resilient elementin the form of a helical spring 117 and are pivotally mounted on the arm115B, as at 114A, 1143. The purpose of the spring 117 is to respectivelybias the pallets of the pawls 114a, 114b against the teeth of the gears113, 112 but to permit the pallet of the pawl 114b to ride over theteeth of the gear 112 when the gear 113 is rotated by the pawl 114a aswell as to permit the pallet of the pawl 114a to ride over the teeth ofthe gear 113 when the gear 112 is rotated by the pawl 1l4b.

The arm 115A of the lever 115 is pivoted with two stops 115a, 115b whichare adjacent to the driving member and serve as abutments for therespective legs of the torsion spring 118. The latter is convolutedaround a cylindrical hub 115D of the lever 115, this hub being mountedon theshaft 116 (see particularly FIG. 2). The legs of the spring 118flank the driving member 108b so that they impart to the lever 115recurrent pivotal movements in clockwise and counterclockwise directionsin response to recurrent movements of the driving member 10% under theaction of the claw pull-down 108. If the film collecting member R isarrested or contains such a length of convoluted film F that it cannotrotate in a counter-clockwise direction, the legs of the torsion spring118 yield when the motor REM continues to operate the pull-down 108.Such legs then move alternately away from the respective stops 115a,1l5b while the driving member 108b is free to continue its recurrentmovements without any damage to the pull-down 108 and/or to other partsof the camera.

Since the illustrated camera employs a reversible electric motor REM, areversible claw pull-down 108, and is assumed to embody a dissolvingshutter, it is necessary to insure that the pull-down 108 can transportthe film F rearwardly (as mentioned before, such rearward transport ofthe film is necessary if the film frames which were exposed withfade-out effect are to be exposed again but with fade-in effect)without, however, rotating the gear 113 in a counterclockwise direction,i.e., in a direction to wind the film F on the takeup reel R. If thepawls 114a, 114b were to remain in the engaging positions shown in FIG.1 while the pull-down 108 transports the film F rearwardly, the lever115 would again perform alternating clockwise and counterclockwisepivotal movements about the axis of its shaft 116 and the gear 113 couldagain rotate in a counterclockwise direction, either in response to theaction of the pawl 114a or in response to the action of the pawl 114b(by way of the gear 112). Also, the gear 113 would continue to rotatethe gear 101 in a clockwise direction so that the scale 104a wouldindicate further exposures even though the film F would be transportedrearwardly.

In accordance with a feature of the present invention, the camera isprovided with disengaging means which can disconnect the pawls 1140, 11%from the gears 113, 112 so that the pivoting of lever 115 by the drivingmember 1081) while the claw pull-down 108 transports the film Frearwardly cannot cause a counterclockwise rotary movement of the gear113 and a clockwise rotary movement of the gear 101 in the footagecounter FC. The disengagement of pawls 1 14a, 114k from the gears 113,112 can take place automatically or at the will of the operator.

In accordance with an optional but highly advantageous and desirablefeature of the invention, the camera is further provided with meanswhich can rotate the gear 113 in a clockwise direction so that thetakeup reel R will pay out the film and that the gear 101 will berotated in a counterclockwise direction (so that the footage counter FCwill indicate to the user that the film F is being transportedrearwardly).

The disengaging means comprises a reciprocable disengaging member orslide 107 which is connected with a handgrip member 120. The latter isaccessible from without the housing 1 and is movable back and forth (asindicated by the arrow A shown in FIG. 2) to move the slide 107 betweenthe retracted or inoperative position (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) and anextended or operative position in which a pin or post-shaped projection107a of the slide engages extensions or lugs 114e, 114d of the pawls114a, 114b and pivots these pawls in opposite directions so that thepallet of the pawl 114a is disengaged from the teeth of the gear 113 andthe pallet of the pawl 114b is disengaged from the teeth of the gear 112even at the time when the lever 115 is pivoted back and forth by thedriving member l08b. Thus by the simple expedient of moving the slide107 from the inoperative to the operative position, the user of thecamera can disengage the pawls 114a, 114b from the gears 113, 112 tothus interrupt the transmission of motion from the driving member 108bto the gears 112, 113 and hence to the takeup reel R. The arm l15b ofthe lever 115 has a centrally located recess, cutout or the like (shownat 115E) which receives the projection 107a with requisite clearance sothat the projection 107a does not interfere with transmission of motionto the gears 112, 113 by the pawls 114b, 114a when the lever 115 isbeing pivoted by the driving member 10% while the pull-down 108transports the film F forwardly. Also, the recess 115E is large enoughto insure that the driving member 108b can pivot the lever 115 back andforth when the pawls 114a, 114b are respectively disengaged from thegears 113, 112. If desired, the connection between the handgrip portion120 and the slide 107 can be such that the slide 107 is free to sharethe pivotal movements of the lever 115 about the axis of the shaft 116and is movable by the member 120 radially of the shaft 1 16 to therebyplace the projection 107a into the operative or inoperative position.

The means for rotating the gear 113 in a direction to cause the takeupreel R to pay out the film F comprises two auxiliary driving elements orpawls a, 10511 which are also mounted on the arm b of the lever 115 butare positioned in such a way that, when their pallets are respectivelyallowed to engage the teeth of the gears 113, 112 while the lever 115 isbeing pivoted by the driving member 108b the pawl 105a rotates the gear113 in a clockwise direction and the apwl 105b rotates the gear 112 in acounterclockwise direction (whereby the gear 112 rotates the gear 113 ina clockwise direction to cause the reel R to pay out the film F). Theauxiliary pawls 105a, 10511 are respectively mounted on pivot pins 105A,1053 which are carried by the arm 1158 of the lever 115 and these pawlsare respectively biased by helical springs 106a, 1061) which are mountedon the arm 1158 in such a way that the pallets of the pawls 105a, 105brespectively tend to engage the adjacent teeth of the gears l 13, 112.

In order to insure that the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b cannot interferewith the action of the main pawls 114a, 1141) when the slide 107 ismaintained in the illustrated inoperative position, the motion picturecamera further comprises operating means for disengaging the pawls 105a,105b from the gears 113, 112 when the gears 113, 112 are respectivelyrotatable by the pawls 114a, 114b. In the illustrated embodiment, theoperating means for the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b is not an independentdevice but forms part of the slide 105, i.e., of the disengaging meansfor the main pawls 114a, 1l4b. To this end, the slide 107 carries twoadditional pins or posts 107b, 107b which can respectively pivot thepawls 105a, 105b about the axes of the pins 105A, 105B against theopposition of the respective helical springs 106a, 106b. The arrangementis such that the posts 107b, 107b' are operative to respectivelymaintain the pawls 105a, 105b in disengaged positions in the inoperativeposition of the slide 107, i.e., when the projection 107a does notprevent the pallets of the main pawls 114a, 114b from rotatingthe'respective gears 113, 112 in a counterclockwise and counterclockwisedirection in response to pivoting of the lever 115 by the driving member108b. It is clear, however, that the camera of the present invention canbe provided with disengaging means for the pawls 1140, 114b and withindependent operating means for the pawls 105a, 105b. As a rule, thearrangement which is shown in the drawing will be preferred because the'pawls 114a, 114b should be permitted to rotate the gears 113, 112 whenthe pawls 105a, 105b are inactive, and vice versa.

THE OPERATION i The parts of the camera assumethe illustratedpositionswhen the motor REM is set to operate the claw pull-down in amannerto advance the film'F forwardly in stepwise fashion, always by thelength of a frame so that successive unexposed frames of the film Fregister with a light-admitting aperture which is controlled by theaforementioned dissolving shutter. The claw pulldown 108 reciprocates oroscillates the driving member 108b in directions indicated by the arrowB whereby the driving member 10812 pivots the lever 115 back and forthby way of the torsion spring l18.'The slide 107 is maintained in theinoperative position'so that the posts 107b, 107b', maintain the palletsof the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b away from the teeth of the gears 113,112. However, the projection 107a of the slide 107 allows the main pawl1140 to rotate the gear 113 (and hence the takeup reel R) in acounterclockwise direction when the driving member 108b pivots the lever115 in a clockwise direction and the main pawl ll4b to rotate the gear112 in a clockwise direction (whereby the gear 112 rotates the gear 113in a counterclockwise direction) when the driving member 108b causes thelever to pivot in a counterclockwise direction. The pallet of the pawl114b is free to ride over the teeth of the gear 112 when the gear 113 isrotated by the pallet of the pawl 114a, and vice versa. The same holdstrue for the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b.

If the user of the camera wishes to transport the film F rearwardly, forexample, uponcompleted exposure of a predetermined number of film frameswith fadeout effect, the direction of operation of the motor REM isreversed and the slide 107 is moved by the handgrip member to assume itsinoperative position. The projection 107a engages the extensions 1140,114d and pivots the respective main pawls 1 14a, 114b against theopposite of the spring 117 so that the pallets of the pawls 114a, 114bareimoved sufficiently away from the teeth of the gears 113, 112 toinsure that they cannot interfere with rotation of the gears 113, 112 ina clockwise and counterclockwise direction, respectively. As soon as theslide 107 is moved to its inoperative position, the posts 107b, l07b'are moved to the left, as viewed in FIG. 1, and allow the springs 106a,l06b to respectively pivot the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b intoengagement with the teeth of the gears 113, 112. If the motor REMthereupon drives the claw pull-down 108 in a manner to transport thefilm F rearwardly, the gear 113 rotates clockwise and causes the takeupreel R to pay out the film. At the same time, the gear 113 drives thegear 101 in a counterclockwise direction so that the follower 104gradually exposes an increasing portion of the scale 104a to thusindicate to the user that the film F is being transported in a rearwarddirection.

The pawls 105a, 10512 are immediately disengaged from the respectivegears 113, 112 and these gears are respectively engaged by the pawls114a, 114b in automatic response to each return movement of the slide107 to the illustrated inoperative position. Such inoperative positionof the slide 107 corresponds to the operative positions of its posts107b, l07b' which constitute the disengaging or operating means for theauxiliary pawls 105a, 105b.

It is clear that the improved camera is susceptible of many additionalvmodifications without departing from the the spiritof the invention.Thus, and as mentioned above, the slide 107 can be moved in a fullyautomatic way, for example, in response to actuation of a reversingswitch (not shown) which is employed toset the motor REM for operationin a forward or rearward direction. When the motor REM is set totransport the filmF forwardly by way of the claw pull-down 108, theslide 107 is automatically caused to assume its inoperative position(for example, in response to 'energization or deenergization of anelectromagnet, not shown). Inversely, when the motor REM is set totransport the film F rearwardly, again by way of the claw pull-down 108,the condition of the aforementionedelectromagnet is changed to therebyallow or cause the slide 107 to assume its operative position and todisengage the main pawls 114a, 114b while allowing the springs 106a,1061: to move the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105bto their active positions.

The aforementioned reversing switchfor the motor REM canbe actuated-bythe handgrip portion 120 for moving the slide 107. I

If the auxiliary pawls 105a, 105b are omitted (these pawls are optionalbut desirable in the camera of the present invention), the slide 107 canbe operatively connected with the actuating means for the aforementioneddissolving shutter to automatically assume its operative position (i.e.,to disengage the pawls 114a, l14b from the gears 113, 112) when thedissolving shutter is being adjusted during the making of exposures withfade-out effect and during rearward transport of the film The takeupreel R (which is preferably, but not necessarily, mounted in a suitablecassette, not shown) is then at a standstill while the claw pull-down108 transports the film F forwardly during fade-out and rearwardlysubsequent to fade-out but prior to fade-in. The interior of thecassette or the interior of the housing 1 is then designed in such a waythat the cassette or the housing can accommodate, in the form of one ormore loose loops, that length of the film P which is being transportedforwardly during fade-out and rearwardly prior to fade-in. Such looselylooped film is collected by the reel R when the camera makes exposureswith fade-in effect; the slide 107 is then moved to its inoperativeposition, either automatically or in response to actuation of the fadingmechanism, to insure that the gear 113 is rotated in a counterclockwisedirection while the pull-down 108 transports the film F forwardly duringfade-in.

The motor REM can be replaced with a motor whose output shaft rotates ina single direction if the pulldown receives motion from a system ofadvancing cams which can move its claw forwardly while the claw extendsinto a perforation P or rearwardly also while the claw extends into aperforation P of the film. Such advancing cams are disclosed, forexample, in the copending application, Ser. No. 25,102 filed Apr. 2,1970 by Herbert Wilsch et al. and owned by the assignee of the presentapplication.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge,readily adapt it for various applications without omitting featureswhich fairly constitute essential characteristics-of the generic andspecificaspects of my contribution to the art and, therefore, suchadaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within themeaning and range of equivalence of the claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent isset forth in the appended 1. In a cinematographic apparatus, thecombination of a rotary film collecting member; a first rotary drivenelement operatively connected with said member; a second rotary drivenelement cooperating with said first element to rotate in a seconddirection when said first element is rotated in a first direction and todrive said first element in said first direction when rotated in saidsecond direction; feeding means operable to transport the film in atleast one direction; motion transmitting means interposed between saidfeeding means and said driven elements and comprising a pair ofdrivingelements and at leastone driving member arranged to perform recurrentalternating movements in opposite directions in response to operation ofsaid feeding means to thereby respectively rotate said first and seconddriven elements by way of said first and second driving elements; anddisengaging means actuatable to disengage said driving elements fromsaid driven elements.

2. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said driven elementsare gears having mating teeth and said driving elements are pawlspivotably supported by said driving member.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising first andsecond auxiliary driving elements respectively arranged to rotate saidfirst and second driven elements in said second and first directions inresponse to said recurrent movements of said driving member, andoperating means for moving said auxiliary driving elements into and fromengagement with said first and second driven elements.

4. The combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said operating meansis arranged to move said auxiliary driving elements into engagement withthe respective driven elements when said disengaging means is actuatedto disengage said first mentioned driven elements from the respectivedriven elements, and vice versa.

5. The combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said driven elementsare meshing gears and said driving elements are pawls pivotably mountedon said driving member, and further comprising resilient means fornormally biasing said pawls into engagement with the teeth of therespective gears.

6. The combination as defined in claim 5, wherein said driving member isa lever which is pivotable about a predetermined axis to thus performsaid recurrent alternating movements.

7. The combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said operating meansis provided on said disengaging means.

8. The combination as defined in claim 7, wherein said driven elementsare gears which mesh with each other and said driving elements are pawlspivotally mounted on said driving member, and further comprisingresilient means for biasing said pawls into engagement with therespective gears, said disengaging means comprising at least one firstdisengaging member movable into and from engagement with the pawlsconstituting said first mentioned driving elements to therebyrespectively move such pawls from engagement with said gears andtopermit the respective resilient means to return such pawls intoengagement with the respective gears, said operating means comprising atleast one second disengaging member movable into and from engagementwith the pawls constituting said auxiliary driving elements to therebydisengage such pawls from the respective gears against the opposition ofthe respective resilient means and to permit the respective resilientmeans to return such pawls into engagement with the respective gears.

9. The combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising footagecounter means receiving motion from one of said driven elements tothereby indicate the length of at least one of two film portionsincluding an unexposed portion and an exposed portion.

10. The combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising a seconddriving member receiving motion from said feeding means and arranged totransmit said recurrent movements to said first mentioned drivingmember, said driving elements being mounted on and being arranged toshare such recurrent movements of said first mentioned driving member.

11. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said feeding means isoperative to transport the film in

1. In a cinematographic apparatus, the combination of a rotary filmcollecting member; a first rotary driven element operatively connectedwith said member; a second rotary driven element cooperating with saidfirst element to rotate in a Second direction when said first element isrotated in a first direction and to drive said first element in saidfirst direction when rotated in said second direction; feeding meansoperable to transport the film in at least one direction; motiontransmitting means interposed between said feeding means and said drivenelements and comprising a pair of driving elements and at least onedriving member arranged to perform recurrent alternating movements inopposite directions in response to operation of said feeding means tothereby respectively rotate said first and second driven elements by wayof said first and second driving elements; and disengaging meansactuatable to disengage said driving elements from said driven elements.2. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said driven elementsare gears having mating teeth and said driving elements are pawlspivotably supported by said driving member.
 3. The combination asdefined in claim 1, further comprising first and second auxiliarydriving elements respectively arranged to rotate said first and seconddriven elements in said second and first directions in response to saidrecurrent movements of said driving member, and operating means formoving said auxiliary driving elements into and from engagement withsaid first and second driven elements.
 4. The combination as defined inclaim 3, wherein said operating means is arranged to move said auxiliarydriving elements into engagement with the respective driven elementswhen said disengaging means is actuated to disengage said firstmentioned driven elements from the respective driven elements, and viceversa.
 5. The combination as defined in claim 3, wherein said drivenelements are meshing gears and said driving elements are pawls pivotablymounted on said driving member, and further comprising resilient meansfor normally biasing said pawls into engagement with the teeth of therespective gears.
 6. The combination as defined in claim 5, wherein saiddriving member is a lever which is pivotable about a predetermined axisto thus perform said recurrent alternating movements.
 7. The combinationas defined in claim 3, wherein said operating means is provided on saiddisengaging means.
 8. The combination as defined in claim 7, whereinsaid driven elements are gears which mesh with each other and saiddriving elements are pawls pivotally mounted on said driving member, andfurther comprising resilient means for biasing said pawls intoengagement with the respective gears, said disengaging means comprisingat least one first disengaging member movable into and from engagementwith the pawls constituting said first mentioned driving elements tothereby respectively move such pawls from engagement with said gears andto permit the respective resilient means to return such pawls intoengagement with the respective gears, said operating means comprising atleast one second disengaging member movable into and from engagementwith the pawls constituting said auxiliary driving elements to therebydisengage such pawls from the respective gears against the opposition ofthe respective resilient means and to permit the respective resilientmeans to return such pawls into engagement with the respective gears. 9.The combination as defined in claim 1, further comprising footagecounter means receiving motion from one of said driven elements tothereby indicate the length of at least one of two film portionsincluding an unexposed portion and an exposed portion.
 10. Thecombination as defined in claim 1, further comprising a second drivingmember receiving motion from said feeding means and arranged to transmitsaid recurrent movements to said first mentioned driving member, saiddriving elements being mounted on and being arranged to share suchrecurrent movements of said first mentioned driving member.
 11. Thecombination as defined in claim 1, wherein said feeding means isoperative to transport the film in said one direction and in anothErdirection counter to said one direction, said disengaging means beingarranged to disengage said driving elements from the respective drivenelements in response to each change of film transport by said feedingmeans from said one direction to said other direction.
 11. Thecombination of claim 1, wherein said feeding means comprises areversible claw pull-down.